The urgency of the green transition has been recently highlighted even more by the energy crisis, exposing the vulnerability of the European economy to external geopolitical pressure, notably in the energy field. Green transition and energy security will require a significant upgrading of European innovation and industrial policy, both in terms of volume of investments and rethinking the whole approach to innovation and development, making it more strategic.
This paper explores what this upgrading may mean and what kind of instruments and institutions could be used. In addition to Europe-wide policies, we also look closely at the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) situation as most countries of the CEE region are substantially lagging in their innovation investments behind other EU countries.
I wrote the paper in the course of my work with GLOBSEC. It can be downloaded on the GLOBSEC website:
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